W M A
WORLD MASTERS ATHLETICS
General Assembly
Assemblée Générale
11th September/11 septembre 2007
BMAF MEMBERS, ANY COMMENTS AND PARTICULARLY IN THE COMPETITION CHANGES (IN BOLD) PLEASE MAIL TO BRIDGET CUSHEN, MAURICE DOOGAN, AND ME. winston.thomas1@virgin.net; Maurice@dooganconsulting.co.uk; Bcushen@aol.com
FOR THE PROPOSAL CHANGES TO THE
HURDLES FROM
WINSTON THOMAS
General Assembly Motions
WMA Council
Proposals
Constitution:
(1) Constitution: 3. Affiliation
(l)
new paragraph: Describe Affiliates’ role in athletes’ registration validation
Athletes must
register for any masters athletics competition through their Affiliate which
reviews the application for approval and validates their registration request
upon receipt of fees due. Normally, the athletes’ affiliate is his country of
citizenship.
Reason: There have been misunderstandings in the
past which is the proper affiliate for an athlete if his country of
citizenship/nationality and that of his residency are not identical. The above
amendment would remove this ambiguity.
(2) Constitution: 4. General .Assembly
(b)
1st sentence: after “for each
100” add- (“combined total”)
Reason: To
remove an imprecision in language.
(3) Constitution .4 (g)
Replace
“Robert’s Rules of order” with “Robert’s Rules of Order, Newly Revised, 10th
Edition, in Brief”.
Reason:
Legal
expertise at the Law & Legislation Committee has suggested that the
reference as currently written in our Constitution is imprecise and should be
amended. The amendment as proposed fills that void and provides reference to
the correct source of information should that ever have to be consulted.
(4) Constitution: 5 Council
Add New
Constitution clause 5(o):
The Council shall
have the power to co-opt onto the Council not more than one member whose
expertise in a particular field is deemed desirable and necessary for the
efficient functioning of any particular aspect of the Council or any one or
more of its committees.
Reason: To add flexibility in
decision making processes of council and/or committees.
(5) Constitution. 6. Officers
Amendment
to Clause 6(c)
The
existing clause 6 (c) shall be deleted and the following substituted there for:
6 (c)
No officer shall hold more than one office at any one time.
6 (c)(i). In the event of an officer failing to complete his
term of office, the remaining Council’s members shall, as soon as possible
thereafter, and without waiting for the next formal Council meeting, cast votes
(by means of either a conference call or electronic voting) and based on the
simple majority of a quorum of the Council, appoint a temporary replacement to
fill the vacancy created;
6 (c)(ii). The term of office of the appointed replacement
shall expire upon the closure of the next quadrennial election General
Assembly;
6 (c)(iii). The casting of votes shall take place within seven
days of Council members being informed by the secretary of the nominations
received by him for the vacant office within a maximum period of fourteen days
after the vacancy occurring.
6(c)(iv). The term of office of all
General Assembly elected Officers shall be for an initial term of four years,
and they shall thereafter be subject to re-election to the same office at
General Assembly for a further term of four years. However, No officer may hold
the same office to which he/she has been elected for more than eight years in
total, with retrospective effect from September 2005."
Reason:
On:The existing clause 6(c),expressly
contradicts provisions of clause 6(a)
and is therefore ultra vires
because,unlike 6(a),it provides for biennial and not quadrennial elections to
Council office.t is therefore necessary to bring it into line with clause 6(a).
(6) Constitution. Amend 7 (f) Treasurer:
In sub-section (f) iv,
substitute “semi-annually” for “annually”.
Replace current(f)(v) with:
Treasurer to prepare P+L + B/S semi-annually for distribution to council, who
may distribute to Affiliates if requested by them.
Reason:
To bring
sequential logic of distribution in line and to remove web-site postings of
financial information which is uncommon and unnecessary.
vii = delete; obsolete
because of electronic bank transfers
Reason:
Cheques are no longer the normal means of money transfers.
(7) Constitution. 11. Eligibility
add
to (11): re-number as b, then c-d-e follows)
Athletes
must register through the Affiliate of their own country of citizenship; if the
athlete’s country of citizenship does not maintain and properly operate a WMA
Affiliation the athlete may register directly with the LOC upon having received
consent from WMA.
Reason: To
improve the registration regulations.
BYE-LAWS
(8) Bye-Laws.2 Council
(7)2nd sentence: replace“cheques”with “disbursements”,
replace “signed by the Treasurer and counter signed by the President”with“authorised
jointly by the Treasurer and President”
To read.
A bank account in
United States Dollars shall be operated in the name of WMA. All disbursements on amounts above USD 5.000
shall be authorised jointly by the Treasurer and the President or any Council
members so authorised in writing by the President
Reason: Cheques are no longer the
normal means to meet disbursements and have been replaced by electronic
transactions.
(9) Bye-Laws.
2 Council
(8)Delete
existing. The
Treasurer is authorised to
pay an invoice from a travel agent,for Council travel for an approved meeting in
advance of that meeting.
Replace
with: The Treasurer is authorised to reimburse council travel in accordance
with a Travel and Expense Reimbursement policy established for that purpose.
Reason:
The
Treasury function is a fiduciary obligation. Only expenses that have been
properly documented after the expense has been incurred upon conclusion of the
expense purpose will be accepted.
(10) Bye-Laws. 3
(3)(a) Anti-Doping & Medical
Replace
current with:
The Chairman shall
be appointed by the President in consultation with the council, preferably, but
not necessarily, from amongst the Council's ranks.
Reason: For clarity and authority in appointing
persons with expertise outside of the council members
(11) Bye-Laws. 3 (4) Law and Legislation Committee
f)
add: vi: Failure to register via
affiliate of athlete’s country of citizenship
add,
vii: Athletes bringing the sport into disrepute or discrediting the sport
Reason: To
cover for unforeseen problems and irregularities in WMA competitions.
(12) Bye-Laws. 4 Alteration to Rules
Add
new (4a)
To insure that
the Rules of Competition are in proper order, any proposals for
changes to Rules of Competition not previously submitted for approval by the
Stadia and/or the Non-Stadia Committees, can become effective only after
it is reviewed by the Stadia and/or the Non-Stadia Committees as
appropriate. Also the proposals must be approved by the Law and
Legislation Committee as to legality, compatibility, presentation, and wording.
If a proposal is changed in any manner by this required review, the
proposal, in its changed form, and a full explanation for the changes,
must be brought back before the next meeting of the appropriate body that
originally approved it (either the Council or the General Assembly) for
reaffirmation.
Reason: To follow the same principals as IAAF in
ensuring that rules of competition are viable before
submission for approval at the GA and for implementation by WMA and regions.
That the WMA World
Championships Non-Stadia shall be removed and its events shall be allocated by
the Council. Proposals for such events may be made by WMA affiliates or by a
majority vote in the Assembly provided advance notice was filed, as required.
Reason: Clarification from 2005 GA where the result
of the proposal was incorrectly ruled, as only a simple majority was needed.
Rules of Competition: section 1,
Championships:
Amendment of
paragraph 1 (1) – to remove the WMA World Championships
Non-Stadia and the placing its events with WMA Championships Stadia and
Indoors.
(14) Rules
of Competition: 5 Entries
2nd
paragraph, amend, and change to (2)
(2)Where
a competitor comes from a country that does not have a WMA Affiliate then that
competitor may enter directly, Subject to the approval of the WMA Council. The
Council may make an exception to this requirement for a specific Affiliate. WMA
Secretary shall submit a list of all the WMA Affiliates to the Organising
Committee at least 120 days prior to the start of the Championships
Reason: re-worded for
clarification
(15) Rules of Competition. 8. The Competition-Running and Walking
Events
NEW.8 (11) In all
WMA sanctioned championships the “gun time” will be used in all cases where the
chip or similar warm electronic timing devise is used.
Reason: “Gun Time” is the only official time
accepted by the IAAF. Race directors, reporters, officials and mostly athletes
continue to be confused over which time is “official”.
(16) Rules of Competition. 8. The Competition-Running and Walking
Events
NEW 8 (12)(i)At all WMA track and field championships the Non Stadia
events will be timed using the chip or similar warm electronic timing devise.
(ii)
Track race walk races will be timed by the chip or similar warn electronic
timing devise.
(iii)
An application may be made by the LO
Reason:(i) (ii) The
chip or similar electronic worn devise counts laps accurately. Officials and
athletes as well as their supporters become confused in long races and loose
count. The WMA non stadia races and race walks in particular have been plagued
for years with this problem. Officials are taking laps by simply making check
marks. These can not be verified.
(iii)
The LO
(17) Rules of Competition. 5.Entries. New paragraph
Once entries are
validated by the WMA Affiliate and forwarded to the Organising Committee, the
Organising Committee will not make any changes to the entries without the
written express approval or request of the WMA Affiliate.
Reason:
It has been the
case that the Organising Committee overrides the corrections of the WMA
Affiliates and team managers, using the athletes’ original entries as an input
source, effectively reversing the corrections which have been made and making
the athlete's entry incorrect.
WMA Affiliate
motions
(18) Proposed by
British masters Athletic Federation
Constitution, 11, Eligibility
British Masters Athletic Federation proposes the following change
to 11 (b)
Athletes holding dual nationality/citizenship (or permanently
living in a foreign country) may be permitted to change nationality/citizenship,
or Affiliation (i.e. compete for another country, only when a change in the
athlete’s permanent address has occurred). Such changes must be agreed by the
National Bodies and be re-ported to the WMA Secretary and shall only be
effected once confirmed in writing by the WMA Secretary.
Reason: Many athletes
live in foreign countries and do not want to change their country of
nationality, but wish to compete in the country they live, and this give them
the opportunity through their old affiliation to do so.
(19) Add.to By-Law, should 11,(b) be accepted and
this paragraph adopted.
11.
Eligibility:
Athletes granted
dispensation under section 11(b) requesting a 2nd change in national
affiliation status, will be considered by WMA Council, by request from their
present Affiliation stating all reasons with evidence from the two affiliation
concerned. Any reversal shall only be granted to their original affiliation of
nationality /citizenship, and they shall also serve a term of non eligibility
as per the WMA/IAAF rules for eligibility
(20) Proposal by:
Finnish Veterans’ Athletes Association
and Italian Athletics Federation
Constitution: 5. Council
Insert under 5
(e):
Council will appoint a
Permanent Board for the purpose of dealing with anti-doping and medical
matters. This board will have decision empowerment for all WMA activities
relating to doping and medical issues. The board shall co-operate closely with
the Medical Committee of IAAF.
Current
(e) to (n) will become (f) to (o).
8. Standing Committees
Delete:
c) Antidoping- and Medical Committee”
(21) Constitution 8.
Standing Committees
Proposes that
last sentence in section 8 (c) of the Constitution be deleted
(22) Constitution. 8 Standing Committee. 8 (c)
The British Masters Athletic Federation
propose
that WMA Council
ask the IAAF Medical & Anti-Doping Commission and WADA to draw up a
separate and less rigid list of prohibited substances, applicable only in
Masters Athletic competition, to allow for prescribed edication for age related
conditions in athletes aged 35 years and over.
Reason:BMAF feels that master’s athlete particularly
in the older age groups, need to have different values in prohibited substances
from those of normal athletes, whilst following the same anti-doping principles
(23) Proposed Motion Proposal by:
Finnish Veterans’ Athletes Association
and
Italian Athletics Federation
By-Laws: 3 Committees
Delete:
3 (3) Anti-Doping and Medical
Committee”
Current
(6) Organisational Advisory Committee will become (3) – see above.
Add:
4. Standing Committee
“Anti-Doping and Medical Board
The Board consists of no more than 5 members,
composed as follows:
·
Three members must have
medical or pharmaceutical expertise
·
One member must have a legal
background
·
One member will be nominated
from IAAF’s Medical Committee and shall be appointed chairman.
The members will be appointed to the Board by
Council.
Responsibilities of the Board:
Finalises draft of WMA’s Anti-Doping Code and put
into effect.
Drafts proposals for age-adjusted application of
anti-doping rules and advances them for voting to the decision making panel.
Compiles exemption rules for Therapeutic Use
Exemption (TUE).
Is responsible for administration of doping controls
at all world championships in accordance with WADA and IAAF “Procedural
Guidelines for Doping Control”.
Grants expert technical support to WMA Regional
Associations, also responsible to Masters on general educational issues in
doping matters.
Reports to Council and the Law and Legislation
Committee about all doping matters generally and specifically.
Also responsible for all medical matters including
sex determination.”
Current
4. and 5. will become 5. and 6.
RULES OF COMPETITION
(24) Proposal by: Finnish Veterans’ Athletes Association and Italian Athletics Federation
Rules of Competition. 2, adds new paragraphs
Anti-Doping Control:
Anti-Doping testing of competitors may
be conducted at any time including at WMA Stadia, Indoor and Non-Stadia World
Championships and shall be performed during Stadia, Indoor and Non-Stadia events.
(2a)Anti-Doping Tests are obligatory during
every WMA World Championship. Each LOC accepts this procedure under the rules
of the IAAF and WADA.
(2b)The number of tests corresponds to the
number of entries (= registered athletes) and should not be less than 1,0%
(2c)Affiliates of WMA accept (obligatorily)
the drug testing procedure during their regional championships.
(2d)Affiliates of WMA also accept
corresponding to the number of entries (= registered athletes) a percentage of
these tests not be less than 0,5%
(25) The Competition: 10. Steeplechase
Proposed by the Royal Spanish Athletic Federation
(RSAF) (25-28)
RSAF Proposes that the height of the Steeplechase
Barriers for the M50-M55 be
reduced from .914M
to.762M.
Reason:
All events for men 45-to 50 have changes, except the
steeplechase, the heights are adjusted in the 60mh, 100mh, 400mh, there are
adjustments in the throwing events, and this proposal gives some equality
(26) The RSAF proposes that Men 60+ and Women 60+ do not compete in
Steeplechase events.
Reason: In realization of the difficulty in
jumping the barriers and water jump
(27) Should (26) not be adopted. The RSAF proposes that the Men 60+ and
Women 60+ do not include the water jump in the steeplechase.
(28) The RSAF proposes that the Women 35-40-45 distances of the
steeplechase be increased from 2000 meters
to 3000 meters.
(29) Proposed by British Masters Athletics
Federation
Rules
of Competition I.
BMAF proposes that WMA Championships
Indoors, and Non Stadia (when re-instated) shall be organised every 4 years
starting from 2008 after Clermond Ferand), and be held in the quadrennial even
numbered year
Reasons:
We feel that there are too many
championships and in particular that they are generally in Europe and with
costs getting to highs for athletes to attend these and other championships,
thus making entries less and more difficult to get organizer for championships.
.
(30) Rules of Competition. 5. Entries
Proposed by British Masters Athletics Federation
1) Present paragraph
Entries to all WMA World
Championships may be submitted either through their national WMA Affiliate or
electronically (E-mail) directly to the Organizing Committee. An entry received
electronically (E-mail) by the Organizing Committee must be validated by the
entrant’s WMA Affiliate. Each such Affiliate and the Host Organizing Committee
shall inform the WMA Secretary of its method of validating entries
be changed to:
Entries to all WMA World
Championships will be submitted through the
national WMA Affiliate electronically (E- mail) directly to the
Organizing Committee or by mail, Entries received electronically (E-mail) by
the Organizing Committee must be validated by the WMA Affiliate with the “hard”
copies. Each such Affiliate and the Host Organizing Committee shall inform the
WMA Secretary of its method of validating entries.
Reason:
Athletes entering directly to an LOC create
considerable problems to Affiliates who have to validate these entries, and
many affiliates do not have full time persons to cope with athletes entering
themselves.
(31) Rules of Competition. 5 New paragraph.
Proposed by British Masters Athletics
Federation
BMAF proposes that for all Championships WMA the LOC
uses a specific compatible computer program for entries, where necessary
affiliates may be supplied with the database for ease of entry, or any program
used shall be compatible to accept the major affiliate’s entries
electronically.
Reason:
We all welcome the affiliates sending electronic entries;
all LOC’s have different computer systems. And particularly for affiliates that
have their athletes already on a database, it is time consuming to have to try and use a different system for
each championship, when they can easily send to the LOC their database in use
(32) Proposal by: Finnish
Veterans’ Athletes Association
Rules of Competition: Championships
In the schedule of World Stadia
Championships there should be only one (1) rest day
(33) The Competition: Field Events
Proposed by
That the weight of the W70+ shot and hammer be
reduced from 3 kg to 2 kg
Reason:
Women only have one weight reduction and this occurs
at 50 years. Men have a reduction of weight at 50, 60 70 and 80. It is unfair
to expect women to use the same implement whether they 50 or 90.
(34) The Competition: Field Events
Proposed by
That
the weight of the W70+ discus be reduced from 1 kg to 0.75kg.
(Currently only the W80+ throw the 0.75kg
discus.)
Reason:
Throwing records show that there is a major drop off
of throwing ability in the women’s seventies age group. Men have a discus
weight reduction at 50 and again at 60 years. Yet women currently use the same
weighted discus whether they are 40, 50, 60 or 70.
(35) The Competition: Field Events
Proposed by
Rules of Competition: That the heavy weight for W70+
be reduced from 5.45 kg to 4 kg.
Reason:
The heavy weight is about twice the weight of the
shot that is used within any age group. This reduction will allow this pattern
to continue. The men have their heavy weight reduced at this age.
(36) Rules of Competition: Combined Event Competitions 4-5
That the name of the ‘weight pentathlon’ be changed to the ‘throws pentathlon.’
Reason: This is a more appropriate name and it will
avoid confusion with the weight throwing event.
(37) The Competition: Running and Walking Events
Proposed by
That for the setting of World Records for track and road Walk events, a
minimum of 6 nationally accredited judges be required with at least 1 judge at
the highest grading for a National Technical Official. This judge to
be the equivalent of at least a Level 1 IAAF Technical Official.
Reason:
European masters competition
has the ability to engage 6 IAAF international walk judges at walk events where
world records/best performances may be set. Because of the distance
factor and sparse population of many WMA affiliates, it is not practical nor economical
to comply with this rule. By setting a standard which could be met by
these Affiliates, the validity of world record claims would then be
justified.
(38) The Competition: Running and Walking
Events
Proposed by British Masters Athletics
Federation
For Road and Track Walks,
judges be instructed to use discretion in applying the rules regarding to “straight
knees” at contact, for masters.
Reason:
Many masters particularly in
the older age groups have difficulties in fully straightening the knee, thought
their legs are still “braced” and this should not class as a disqualification
(39) Rules of Competition: 9 Hurdle Races
Proposed by
LONG HURDLES
That the M75+ long hurdles be reduced to being a
200m hurdle event with 5 hurdles. (Currently the M75+ have a 300m event with 7
hurdles.)
Reason: This is a safety issue as most of the falls
in the 300m event tend to occur in the final 100m when athletes are fatigued.
(40) That the W65+ have the 200m hurdles replace the current 300m
hurdles.
Reason:
Hurdling becomes an increased safety concern with
older athletes. By reducing the length of this event, the fatigue level will be
reduced yet the event will still offer an adequate challenge.
(41) a) that the M75+ 200m hurdles have a height of 0.686m.
1) That the W65+ 200m hurdles have a height of
0.600m
Reason: This is the current long hurdles height for
M75+ .The W65+ need the reduced height to increase the safety factor.
(42) That the M55 age group have the 300m hurdles replace the current
400m hurdles.
Reason:
A high percentage of hurdlers in this age group
struggle to maintain the form they had in the previous age group. This change
would encourage more athletes to stay with the event.
(43) That the W45 age group have the 300m hurdles replace the current
400m hurdles.
Reason:
From youth, women have the 400m hurdles event. Yet
on reaching the age of 45, women are expected to maintain the same hurdle
height and distance, even though speed and leg spring is declining.
(44) That the W50 and W55 age groups have the 300m hurdle height reduced
to 0.686m.
Reason:
From youth women have had a hurdle height of 0.762m
for this event. It is unreasonable to expect women who are 50-59 to continue to hurdle the same height. Our
master’s men have a reduced hurdle height at 50 years.
(45) That the W60 age group have the 300m hurdle height reduced to
0.600m.
Reason:
Long hurdles are normally at a reduced height
compared to short hurdles. Yet the W60 have the same hurdle height for both
their long and short events.
(46) That the M45 have the 400m hurdle height reduced to 0.840m from the
current 0.914m.
Reason:
By the mid forties, the loss of spring in the legs
has already increased the degree of difficulty of this event. A drop in hurdle
height will encourage more athletes to continue hurdling in this age group as
well as encourage more athletes to participate.
(47) SHORT HURDLES
|
Age Group |
Race
|
Height |
To 1st Hurdle |
Between Hurdles |
To Finish |
Number Hurdles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30-39 |
100m |
.840m |
13.0m |
8.5m |
10.5m |
10 |
|
40-44 |
90m |
.762m |
13.0m |
8.0m |
13.0m |
9 |
|
45-49 |
90m |
.762m |
13.0m |
7.5m |
17.0m |
9 |
|
50-59 |
80m |
.686m |
12.0m |
7.0m |
19.0m |
8 |
|
60-69 |
80m |
.600m |
12.0m |
7.0m |
19.0m |
8 |
|
70+ |
60m |
.600m |
13.0m |
7.0m |
12.0m |
6 |
(48) That the following short hurdle specifications be adopted for men.
|
Age Group |
Race
|
Height |
To 1st
Hurdle |
Between
Hurdles |
To Finish |
Number Hurdles |
|
Men |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30-39 |
110m |
.991m |
13.72m |
9.14m |
14.02m |
10 |
|
40-54 |
100m |
.914m |
13.0m |
8.50m |
10.5m |
10 |
|
55-59 |
90m |
.840m |
13.0m |
8.0m |
13.0m |
9 |
|
60-64 |
90m |
.840m |
13.0m |
7.5m |
17.0m |
9 |
|
65-74 |
80m |
.762m |
12.0m |
7.0m |
19.0m |
8 |
|
75 + |
60m |
.686m |
13.0m |
7.0m |
12.0m |
6 |
Reason: These hurdle specifications provide a more
gradual adjustment of distance, spacing and height for the aging hurdler. The
hurdle specifications remain challenging and provide the opportunity for a
hurdler to maintain a three stride pattern.
BMAF MEMBERS NOTE. SEE THE REPORT FROM WINSTON THOMAS ALSO ON THE
WEBSITE TAKEN FROM 2005-06 (HURDLES INTERNATIONAL MARKINGS AND AUSTRALIAN
RECOMMENDATIONS
(49) Proposal by: Finnish
Veterans’ Athletes Association
and Italian Athletics
Federation
.
Men M35-39 Outdoor and Indoor Hurdle
Height be
changed from .991m to1,067m
Reason:
To respect the purpose of IAAF rule
168.3. Many athletes compete in national and international events in which IAAF
Rule is applied with the height of the hurdles of 1.067m.
(50) Proposal by: Finnish
Veterans’ Athletes Association
and Italian Athletics
Federation
Men 60-69 Outdoor and Indoor Hurdles
distance “To 1st hurdle” be changed from 16m to 12m
Reason:
To respect the purpose of IAAF rule 168
and table.2.2.-3.1 of the IAAF track and Field facilities manual indicates that
the maximum from the start to the first hurdle should not be more then 13.72m.
The aim is to restore an homogeneous technical situation for all age groups
related to 60 and more.
(51) The Veteran Committee, Swedish Athletic Association,
Propose a change in the rules for M60
and M65
Change the distance to the first hurdle
from 16 to 12 m, and the distance from the last hurdle to finish line from 12
to
Present
rule
A B
C D E
F
M
60+65 84,0 5 16,00
8,00 12,00
New rule (proposal)
A B
C D E
F
M
60+65 84,0 5 12,00
8,00 16,00
Reason:
We in
(52) Proposed by Canadian Masters
Athletic Association Rules of
Competition, section 10, Steeplechase
Amendment to present paragraph 10 (3)
Canadian Masters Athletic Association proposes that the present wording
of paragraph 10 (3):
“(3) Competitors may hurdle or vault the barriers
or step on the top rail in continuous motion but may not climb them. The hands
or the feet may touch only the top surface of the barrier and no other part of
the body may touch any part of the barriers.” be amended so that it will now
read as follows:
“(3) Competitors may hurdle, vault or step on the
top of the barriers, and must go over or through the water. In doing so, competitors shall be disqualified,
if they:
(a) do not go over any barrier,
(b) step to one side or the other of the water
jump, or
(c) trail a foot or leg below the horizontal plane
of the top of any barrier at the instant of clearance.”
Reasoning:
We
feel that the present Rule imposes an unrealistic standard on athletes, as
there may be many circumstances in which an athlete may touch the front or the
back of a barrier with a hand, foot or leg.
In addition, we clarify the circumstances under which an athlete may be
disqualified, which clarification is adapted from the IAAF Competition Rules,
but changed to use the more common term “barriers”, rather than “hurdles”